Preparation of Inactivated Trivalent FMD Vaccine and Determination of Antibody Titre in Vaccinated Cattle

Aims: This research work was conducted for isolation and molecular detection of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) virus from the field samples, development of inactivated trivalent FMD vaccine, and determination of antibody titer in vaccinated cattle.

Methodology: A total of 10 samples (tongue epithelium) were collected from FMD affected cattle from Gazipur, Mymensingh, and Pabna districts of Bangladesh during May 2014. Inoculum was prepared from the sample and the associated FMDV was propagated in BHK-21 cell lines. Besides, viral RNA was extracted for molecular detection (RT-PCR) of the serotypes involved. The isolated serotypes were used as seed virus in preparation of binary ethyleneimine (BEI) inactivated trivalent FMD vaccine using saponin and oil adjuvants. For the determination of antibody production in response to our trivalent FMD vaccine, a total of 25 cattle aging 11-22 months were used. Sera of vaccinated cattle were collected on day 0, 21, 35, 49, 63. The sera were subjected for the determination of antibody level using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The titer values were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA to see immune response against the serotypes.

Results: Three serotypes of FMDV were detected; these were FMD serotype-O, A and Asia-1, of which serotype-O was mostly prevalent, followed by serotype-A and Asia-1. The highest mean antibody titer was found on day 63 in all serotypes. Sixteen cattle (80%) out of 20 vaccinated cattle obtained protective antibody titer. The titer values of the vaccinated cattle were statistically significant against O, A and Asia-1 serotypes.

Conclusion: FMD serotype-O, A, and Aisa-1 are prevailing in Bangladesh. A trivalent inactivated FMD vaccine has been prepared successfully using circulating virus of Bangladesh. The vaccine can be used to combat FMD in Bangladesh.