The Possible Mechanisms through Which Dietary Protein Increases Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration Rate

Obesity has been associated with a multitude of co-morbid conditions, most importantly with diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Diet is one of the major key factors of a successful weight management schemes to ensure a healthy weight. High protein, low carbohydrate and low fat diets are reported to be effective for weight management and gained particular popularity in the recent past. As a result, most individuals have shifted to high protein diet in an attempt to lose weight or maintain a healthy weight or body composition. On the other hand, high dietary protein is well known to increase renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate and may potentially increase the future risk of renal disease due to increased glomerular pressure and hyperfiltration injury. The mechanism by which protein diet acts on the kidney is not well known; however, multiple potential mechanisms have been postulated. This review discusses the possible mechanisms through which dietary protein intake may influence renal function parameters.