Study about Phytochemical Evaluation of Eupatorium glandulosum

This chapter highlights about screening of the plant to confirm the presence of a large number of secondary metabolites. Eupatorium glandulosum (E. glandulosum) is a useful medicinal plant belongs to the family Asteraceae. The phytochemical analysis of Eupatorium glandulosum extract shows the presence of various constituents like flavanoids, alkaloids, phenolic, glycosides, tannins, saponins and glycosides.

Alcohol, ethyl acetate, and chloroform were used as solvents in the Soxhlet method to extract the chemical components of E. glandulosum. The extracts underwent preliminary phytochemical analysis for carbohydrates, glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and saponins as well as physiochemical constants testing. The quantitative phytochemical study of E. glandulosum's total phenol and total flavonoid content was carried out using standard procedures.

The phytochemical analysis of three different solvent extracts of E. glandulosum showed various compounds. All extracts revealed the presence of secondary metabolites. The physiochemical constituents such as total ash, acid-insoluble ash, and water-soluble ash were found to be 14.25% (w/w), 5% (w/w), and 7.30% (w/w), respectively. The initial phytochemical analysis verified the presence of sugars, glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, and saponins. The flavonoid content of the plant extracts was found to be in the descending order ethyl acetate >alcohol >chloroform and the phenolic content was found to be alcohol >ethyl acetate >chloroform.

The estimation of phenolic and flavonoid content of the three extracts showed greater concentration of phenols and flavonoids in the plant extract. The obtained results explained the presence of possible phytoconstituents, potential usefulness and justified the traditional uses.