Analysis of Agricultural Drought Monitoring Based on Vegetation Health Index in East Java Indonesia Using MODIS Satellite Data

The agricultural sector is highly susceptible to drought, heavily relying on rainfall. This study used the Vegetation Health Index (VHI) of MODIS Data as a drought indicator to monitor drought in East Java, Indonesia. The VHI combines the vegetation index and land surface temperature, both critical satellite products for remote sensing of drought. The VHI describes vegetation health using the TCI and VCI indices. The study found that the distribution of drought areas increased by 3.69% between 2017 and 2018, with the highest distribution occurring between July and October. On average, 22.24% of the paddy field area was affected by drought in 2017 and 25.93% in 2018, from a total area of 1.174,586 km2. Moderate drought was the dominant type of drought in the agricultural area of East Java, based on the VHI values obtained between 2017 and 2018.