FORMATION OF HARD SPRING WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY DEPENDING ON THE MINERAL FERTILIZERS AND BIOLOGOCAL PREPARATIONS

Introduction: In the conditions of unstable and insufficient moisture, it is necessary to study the basic elements of the technology of growing hard spring wheat in the context of climate changes. Methods: Field, laboratory, evaluation and comparison.

Results: The complex study and analysis of the application of microbiological biological preparations depending on the background of mineral nutrition in the technologies of growing hard spring wheat were carried out. The formation of the leaf surface of plants depended both on the background of mineral nutrition and on the application of microbiological preparations. On non-fertilized areas, seed treatment with biopreparations increased the area of ​​the leaf surface by 20.3% for the use of polymyxacarbonate, 20.5% for diazophyte and 23.9% for the mixture of these two preparations. For fertilizers N45R45K30 it amounted to 31.9 thousand m2 / ha, the use of polymicobacterin resulted in an increase of 19.1%, diazophyte - by 13.8%, a mixture of preparations - by 24.1%. The fertilized background of \"straw N10 per ton of by-products\" was effective, as the area of ​​the leaf surface was quite large (29.2 thousand m2 / ha), and with the usage of biopreparations, respectively, 33.9; 32.9; 36.4 thousand m2 / ha. The yield of hard spring wheat is determined by the number of productive stems per unit area and the weight of grain from one ear. The yield was the largest in areas planted with inoculated seeds by polymicobacterium and diazophyte on the fertilizer background N45R45K30 - 3.50 t / ha, which is 1.47 t / hectares (72.4%) more than in the plots without mineral fertilizers and biopreparations (2.03 t / ha). A rational way to increase the yield of hard spring wheat is to apply fertilizer \"N10 straw per ton of by-products\" with the obligatory treatment of seeds before sowing with a mixture of biological products, the yield of grain was 3.16 t / ha, which is 1.13 t / ha (55.7%) higher than for non-fertilized cultivation.

Conclusions: In conditions of unstable moisture with the technology of growing hard spring wheat, it is necessary to apply pre-sowing seed treatment with preparation of diazophyte and polymicobacterin on the background of straw predecessor, after its gathering, the necessarily application of N10 per ton of by-products, which will ensure the yield 3.16 t / ha of wheat grain. In the absence of by-products of the predecessor on the field, the pre-sowing seed treatment with preparation of diazophyte and polymicobacterin with the necessarily application of N45R45K30 should be used, which will provide grain yield of wheat at 3.50 t / ha.