A Case Study of Extramedullary Plasmacytoma Maxilla

Plasma cells are normally found in Bone Marrow, it is responsible for Immunity response by making antibodies to fight infections. A localised buildup of abnormal plasma cells either inside the bone or outside the bones causes Solitary plasmacytoma Solitary bone plasmacytoma is a rare malignancy in head and neck region. It occurs when a single clone of plasma cells forms a localized tumor in the bone. Solitary bone plasmacytoma usually found in adult male with average age of diagnosis of 55 years. It contributed 3% of all plasma tumor.

A 49 year old presented in our outdoor patient department with complain of pain and swelling in Left Maxillary area for last one months. Bone Marrow Biopsy shown Mildly hypercellular marrow spaces with granulocyte hyperplasia. Megakaryocyte and erythroid series of cells are proportionally rated.

Biopsy from local area shown poorly differentiated malignant neoplasm. CECT-FACE findings were a large enhancing necrotic mass lesion, PET Scan report shows tumour invades the anterior wall to involve the pre- maxillary soft tissue.

Presence of an Isolated region of Bony destruction due to clonal plasma cells with morphological normal bone marrow examination with very low clonal plasma cell infiltration <10% are diagnosed criteria of solitary plasmacytoma other criteria are normal kidney function, occurrence of anaemia and hypercalcemia lower serum or urine level of monoclonal antibodies. Chemotherapy can be suggested for tumors progressing towards multiple myeloma.